In this study, metapopulation models are developed with incorporation of the abovementioned characteristics of animal dispersal. Most of metapopulation models are based on colonizationextinction equilibrium. Metapopulation theory is mostly dependent on the existence of metapopulations, or groups of local populations that are connected by immigration. Metapopulation dynamics, abundance, and distribution in a. Designation of effective restocking sites requires careful attention to metapopulation dynamics. At this scale, dynamics are governed by the interaction of. Metapopulation dynamics of amphibians using isolated, ephemeral ponds in longleaf pine uplands of florida. Metapopulation biology is concerned with the dynamic consequences of migration among local populations and the conditions of regional persistence of species with unstable local populations. Unfortunately, it is not feasible to simply add more equations to the existing system of two equations. For a given species, each metapopulation is continually being modified by increases births and. Spatial and temporal distribution of the gastropod heleobia. To study how parameters c and e affect the population dynamics. Morrison section of evolution and ecology, division of biological sciences, and center for population biology, university of california, davis, ca 95616, usa abstract aim i examined the island biogeography and metapopulation dynamics.
Population dynamics are often visualized by assuming that individuals live in a. Island biogeography and metapopulation dynamics of bahamian ants lloyd w. Individuals locate habitat through dispersal, and the relationship between a species and landscape characteristics can have profound effects on population persistence. These results suggest that past and current anthropogenic drivers of metapopulation dynamics may have interactive effects on large. Large variations in hiv1 viral load explained by shifting. In brief, a metapopulation may go extinct when the size of habitat patches becomes too small leading to small local populations with high extinction probability andor when the number of habitat patches is decreased. However, their studies did not take in account age structure.
The model was originally based on studies with epiphytic bryophytes, but can be applied to other groups 30,46,47. Integrating larval connectivity with local demography reveals regional dynamics of a marine metapopulation darren w. To inform conservation efforts, we studied the dynamics of this metapopulation with a multistate. Metapopulation may conform to its classical concept, in which all the subpopulations have a. Metapopulation dynamics and the quality of the matrix the. The concepts of metapopulation persistence and sourcesink dynamics are central and often untested tenets of marine reserve networks. Metapopulation dynamics of the softshell clam, mya. Spatial connectivity moderates the effect of predatory. Metapopulation ecology ilkka hanski oxford university. Metapopulation and its applications in conservation biology songklanakarin j. Box 118525, gainesville, fl 326118525, usa b department of marine ecology, gothenburg university, box 461, s405 30 gothenburg, sweden article info. However, classic metapopulations appear to be comparatively rare driscoll 2008. This is likely due to the relatively small size of the metapopulation modeled 25 patches. Hanski distinguishes metapopulation ecology from 1 landscape ecology, which is more heavily empirical and which generally regards habitat suitability as a continuous rather than a discrete variable, and 2 spatial dynamics in continuous space, which is more heavily theoretical and concerned with complex patterns that are generated by.
The role of dispersal in florida key deer metapopulation. Generalizing levins metapopulation model in explicit space. Spatial connectivity moderates the effect of predatory fish on salamander metapopulation dynamics bradley j. Written by a world renowned biologist, this volume offers a comprehensive synthesis of current research in this rapidly expanding area of population biology.
Metapopulation ecology ilkka hanski oxford series in ecology and evolution. Metapopulation dynamics guide marine reserve design. All things, by a law divine, in one anothers being mingle. Metapopulation dynamics have received much attention in conservation and population biology, but the standard approach has also been criticized for being too restrictive, as it is based on. Models of intermediate complexity manojit roya, karin hardingb, robert d. Written by a world renowned biologist, this volume offers a comprehensive synthesis of current research in this. Metapopulations can be loosely defined as groups of discrete, local populations related by occasional dispersal events. Holta a department of zoology, university of florida, 223 bartram hall, p. The term metapopulation was coined by richard levins in 1969 to describe a model of population dynamics. Due to discontinuous habitat, temporal variation in the environment and small local population sizes, metapopulation dynamics should be fairly common in insects.
Based on this pondsaspatches view, an amphibian metapopulation might be expected to have the following characteristics. Population dynamics of epiphytic orchids in a metapopulation. Classical metapopulation dynamics and ecoevolutionary. Montagnes1 abstract the extent to which a landscape is fragmented affects persistence of predatorprey dynamics. The experimental fragmentation of landscapes of a natural ecosystem resulted in declines in the abundance and distribution of most species in the multispecies animal.
In a meta population model, patches or groups of the population persist on a balance between local extinction and colonization 10. Testing metapopulation dynamics using genetic, demographic. In our simulation, the population never reaches an equilibrium point, calculated as f 0. The spotted owl in southern and central coastal california.
Metapopulation dynamics of the mistletoe and its host in. Proceedings of the 2 nd charleston, longleaf alliance conference. Sea ice loss increases genetic isolation in a high arctic. Recent studies have expanded this conceptual framework and it is now accepted that sourcesink dynamics may be driven by. Uncorrected proof ecomod 4257 19 2 ecological modelling xxx2005xxxxxx 34 the rate of emigration and immigration between subpopu 35 lations depends on the species ability to disperse and the 36 juxtaposition of patches.
Biological conservation 68 1994 167180 metapopulation dynamics and conservation. Metapopulation ecology ilkka hanski oxford university press. Metapopulation biology is concerned with the dynamic consequences of migration among local populations and the conditions of regional persistence of species with unstable local. A metapopulation model with explicit local population dynamics. Many species are distributed as metapopulations in dynamic landscapes, where habitats change through space and time.
The analysis of a dataset on metapopulation dynamics of this moth from a fragmented mediterranean pine forest allows to derive some rules of thumb for the rational allocation of. A unifying framework for metapopulation dynamics article pdf available in the american naturalist 1602. Much theory has been developed on the possible spatial dynamics of metapopulations, but there are very few empirical studies that adequately support or refute these theories. Metapopulation dynamics of the softshell clam, mya arenaria by carly a. Humanfacilitated metapopulation dynamics in an emerging pest.
To understand the basic concepts and dynamics of metapopulation and population stability with the help of mathematical models. Strasser submitted to the department of biology on 1 april 2008, in partial ful. Island biogeography and metapopulation dynamics of. Metapopulation theory states that a large population consisting of a single species is most stable over a large area when it is divided up into smaller subpopulations. We analyse metapopulation dynamics in terms of an individualbased, stochastic model of a finite metapopulation. Metapopulation, in ecology, a regional group of connected populations of a species. Pdf landscape ecology is the study of the effect of spatial pattern on an ecological process.
Metapopulation dynamics of amphibians using isolated. Populations of butterflies and coralreef fishes are good examples of metapopulation. The model is constructed as a generalized incidence function, which. Metapopulations are conceived as spatially structured populations consisting of distinct units subpopulations, separated by space or barriers, and connected by dispersal movements. Thus, it cannot be automatically assumed that increasing matrix quality will lower the probability of global extinction of a population. Despite the importance of connectivity in dynamic environments, few empirical studies have examined temporal. In the work 4, we will discuss a mathematical modeling, focusing on how the strength of migration could be involved in it to construct a metapopulation dynamics. Key factors affecting metapopulation dynamics of animals include patch size, isolation, and patch quality. Following intensive conservation effort, the metapopulation of roseate tern sterna dougallii in nw europe is recovering from a large crash in numbers, but most former colonies remain unoccupied and hence are potential targets for restoration. To understand how the initial number of patches occupied in a system affect the local extinction after n years. When group dispersal and allee effect shape metapopulation. Insights for management levins model assumptions all patches identical in size and quality infinite number of patches no spatial structure all patches equally connected no time lags population instantaneous with colonization blinking light model complete spatial asynchrony metapopulation. It covers both the essential theory and a wide range of empirical studies, including the authors groundbreaking work on the glanville fritillary butterfly.
This paper describes a novel approach to modelling of metapopulation dynamics. Empirical and theoretical investigations covers the 1989 proceedings of a metapopulation dynamics workshop held at lammi biological station, helsinki, finland. Group dynamics may inhibit dispersal and increase the isolation effect in social species such as samango monkeys. Metapopulation is a population in which individuals are spatially distributed in a habitat to two or subpopulations. Effects of patch connectivity and arrangement on animal. Neighboring colonies of blacklegged kittiwakes rissa tridactyla in. Abstract as anthropogenic impacts on the natural world escalate, there is increasing interest in the role of humans in dispersing seeds. We suggest a new approach, using the number of patches in the population as a large parameter. Testing metapopulation dynamics using genetic, demographic and ecological data t.
Patch occupancy and potential metapopulation dynamics of three. It thus follows that adopting a landscape ecological. Percy bysshe shelley 17921822, loves philosophy introduction wherever wildlife management concerns the. However, their study did not account for local population dynamics and assumed all subpopulations to be. The term metapopulation was coined by richard levins in 1969 to describe a model of population dynamics of insect pests in agricultural fields, but the idea has been most broadly applied to species in naturally or artificially fragmented habitats. Population ecology lecture 7 metapopulation quizlet. Ilkka hanski relating metapopulation dynamics to the structure of the environment, the size and isolation of habitat patches. A metapopulation model with explicit local population dynamics 3 local dynamics may produce models that predict biased results hanski 6. Metapopulation dynamics differs from population dynamics thus far in that it is governed by two sets. To study the populationlevel consequences of local dynamics when migration rates are high hanksi and zhang 7 proposed the following patchbased metapopulation model. Metapopulation dynamics of wetland species introduction for species inhabiting naturally patchy or fragmented landscapes, conservation often is guided by metapopulation theory hanski and gaggiotti 2004.
The model is constructed as a generalized incidence function, which describes how. Pdf a metapopulation is a spatially structured population that persists over time as a set of local populations with limited dispersal between. Metapopulation dynamics enable persistence of influenza a, including ah5n1, in poultry. Metapopulation theory states that a large population consisting of a single species is most stable over a large area when it is divided up into smaller. Importance of metapopulation connectivity to restocking. Dispersal plays an important role in 37 the metapopulation dynamics. Metapopulation dynamics as originally defined by levins consists of the extinction and colonization of local populations. A spatially explicit model applied to butterflies ilkka hanski department of zoology, division of ecology, po box 17 p. Thomas nerc centre for population biology, imperial college at silwood park, ascot, berkshire uk, sl5 7py received 18. Similar studies on metapopulation dynamics were carried out by c. Pdf a unifying framework for metapopulation dynamics.
A metapopulation consists of a group of spatially separated populations of the same species which interact at some level. Population dynamics an overview sciencedirect topics. Metapopulation dynamics of psittacanthus robustus and their implications snall et al. To inform conservation efforts, we studied the dynamics of this metapopulation. Effects of subpopulation sizes, intcrpatch immigration, and patch configu rations on metapopulation dynamics. Hence, in this paper, we extend their work to include a speci. Conservation biology, habitat fragmentation, and metapopulations.
In this exercise, you will use a spatially explicit metapopulation viability model to evaluate the impacts of alternative forest management scenarios on a metapopulation. Classical metapopulation dynamics in this section we seek to \scale up from the twopatch model developed in the preceding section to consider the dynamics of a population on an arbitrary number of patches. Metapopulations are defined by distinct populations of individuals that function independently yet their dynamics are interrelated. Metapopulation and its applications in conservation biology. Pdf a practical model of metapopulation dynamics semantic. To understand the extent to which avian populations in urbanizing landscapes. A large body of theory has been developed in recent years for the spatial dynamics of populations hanski and gilpin, 1997. It is divided into 18 chapters that cover various approaches to spatially structured population and community dynamics.
Integrating larval connectivity with local demography. Holta a department of zoology, university of florida. The contribution of laboratory experiments on protists to understanding population and metapopulation dynamics. Metapopulation models consider local populations as individuals. The local or withinpatch scale, individuals move and interact with each other in the course of their routine feeding and breeding activities population growth and regulation at the local scale are governed by the demographic processes birth and death the metapopulation or. Metapopulations characteristically demonstrate a turnover of local populations going extinct and becoming reestablished, resulting in a distribution pattern that shifts over time. By forcing metapopulation dynamics on a formerly heterogeneous but stable within subpopulations population, the probability of simultaneous extinction of all subpopulations actually increases.
A practical model of metapopulation dynamics ilkka hanski department of zoology, division of ecology, po box 17 p rautatiekatu, sf00014, university of helsinki, finland summary 1. Metapopulation dynamics as an explanation to the genetic. Dynamics of local populations is either not considered at all, or is considered in a very abbreviated way. The main idea of metapopulation theory is that in a. Metapopulation dynamics have received much attention in conservation and population biology, but the standard approach has also been criticized for being too restrictive, as it is based on the effects of habitat patch area and isolation only. Metapopulation dynamics are then studied by observing interpond migration rates and by using yearly surveys to document patterns of pond occupancy, extinction, and recolonization.
Metapopulation dynamics as an explanation to the genetic structure of the desert locust populations. For a given species, each metapopulation is continually being modified by increases births and immigrations and decreases deaths and emigrations of individuals, as well as by the emergence and dissolution of local populations contained within it. It also includes practical applications to conservation biology. Habitat quality and metapopulation dynamics of blacklegged kittiwakes rissa tridactyla. Morrison section of evolution and ecology, division of biological sciences, and center for population biology, university of california, davis, ca 95616, usa abstract aim i examined the island biogeography and metapopulation dynamics of ants. Spatial and temporal distribution of the gastropod.
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